名师丁雪明：2010年考研基础词汇备考札记

　　【巧记】 motivation n. 激起动机，意图‖motive n. 动机，目的，主感

　　核心词组

　　lead to 导致                 at one time 曾经

　　take place 发生              cooperate with 与……合作

　　find fault with 挑……毛病     regardless of 无论，不管

　　Passage 3

　　体育类记叙文。本文对残疾人运动会的形成进行介绍。

　　40 years ago the idea of disabled people going sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change。

　　Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injury center at Stoke Mandeville hospital near London. His ideas about treating the injured included sports for the disabled。

　　In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings. Things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic games. Now, every four years the Olympic games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years games for the disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheel chair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics。

　　The games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those who are fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded。

　　核心词汇

　　1.        disabled a. 残疾的

　　【巧记】 disable v. 使……残疾‖disability n. 残疾

　　2.        annual a. 每年的

　　【巧记】 annual ad. 每年地

　　【搭配】 annual ring 年轮

　　3.        injury n. 伤害，毁坏

　　【巧记】 injure vt. 伤害(感情等)损坏

　　【搭配】 do an injury to sb. 对……伤害了

　　4.        treat n. 对待v. 治疗

　　5.        normal a. 正式的

　　6.        separately ad. 分别地，个自地，独立地

　　7.        athlete n. 运动员

　　8.        unwillingness n. 不情愿

　　9.        exclude vt. 排斥，把……排除

　　【巧记】 exclusion n. 排除，拒绝‖exclusive a. 排外的，独占的，专有的，排它的

　　10. promote vt. 促进，增进，发扬，提升，宣传，推销(商品等)

　　核心词组

　　take part (in) 参加          along with 连同，还有         set up 建立

　　(总字数：396；单词：346；中文：50)

　　Passage 4

　　体育类说明文。本文介绍运动员在古代的奥运与当代奥运对运动员奖励方式的变迁。

　　Sports are one of the world’s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are well paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only not by economic background or family connections sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes play more for money than for love。

　　This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves (橄榄叶花环). Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests became increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century. A. D. , the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended。

　　In 1896, the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起) with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholarship, or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met all these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race. After the race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said, “Nobody pays any attention to these rules。” Many countries pay their athletes to train year-round, and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything form ski equipment to fast food。

　　Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but for money. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545million dollars, but by selling medal symbols, TV rights, food, drink, hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品)， they managed to make a profit. Appropriately, the symbol of victory in the Olympic games is no longer a simple olive wreath it is a gold medal。