考研英语案例剖析—写作中的语言转换与更替

　　句式转换：　　

　　为了加强同学们对语法知识在写作中的灵活应用，下面给出14种句式及语言调整的效果，内容上没有太大差异，只是请辨别每句话所侧重的句式：

　　1．表语从句

　　The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard, and being shocked at the message. The reason is that the billboard is advertising a “sale of the dead bodies”.

　　2. 介词短语

　　In the picture, two people are reading the announcement and they are being shocked at the message of “a sale of dead bodies” on a billboard.

　　3．疑问句

　　The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. Why are they so shocked? The reason is that the billboard is advertising a “sale of the dead bodies”.

　　4. 原因状语从句

　　The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. As the billboard is advertising a “sale of the dead bodies”, they are shocked at the message.

　　5. 结果状语从句

　　The picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard. The billboard is advertising a “sale of the dead bodies” so that they are shocked at the message.

　　6. 时间状语从句

　　in the picture, while the two people are reading the announcement on the billboard about “a sale of the dead bodies”, they are being deeply shocked.

　　7. 分词短语

　　In the picture, reading the message of a ‘sale of the dead bodies” advertised on the billboard, the two people are deeply shocked.

　　8. 主动语态

　　In the picture, the announcement on a billboard advertising a “sale of the dead bodies” shocks the two people reading it.

　　9. There be 结构

　　In the picture, there is an announcement on a billboard advertising a “sale of the dead bodies” and shocking the two people reading it.

　　10. 倒装句

　　On a billboard is an announcement advertising a “sale of the dead bodies”. The two people reading it are being shocked.

　　11. 定语从句

　　In the picture, the announcement on a billboard which advertises a “sale of the dead bodies” shocks the two people reading it.

　　12．强调句

　　In the picture, it is the announcement on a billboard advertising a “sale of the dead bodies” that shocks the two people reading it.

　　13. 虚拟语气

　　In the picture, were it not for the announcement on the billboard advertising a “sale of the dead bodies”, the two people would not be so shocked.

　　14. 复杂书面语

　　It is of considerable interest to observe in this bizarre caricature that a couple of citizens, reading an announcement issued on the billboard, are taken aback as a result of the astounding message which informs people of a “sale of dead bodies”.

　　句中使用的词组包括：be of considerable interest, a couple of, taken aback, as a result of, inform sb. of

　　长句采用的特殊语法包括：宾语从句+分词结构做插入语+分词作后置定语（issued）+被动语态+原因短语+定语从句

　　句式转换可以考虑的方式

　　如果大家对句型转换依然缺乏信心，我就为大家提供以下的思路作为参考。一般来说，以下12种措施是可以考虑的。可以根据句子的内容特点进行灵活置换。

　　1． 主动句与被动句的转换

　　2． There be 结构的采用；It is放在句首的形式

　　3． 同位语的设置

　　4． 疑问句形式

　　5． 否定和双重否定形式

　　6． 倒装句形式

　　7． 强调句形式

　　8． 虚拟语气形式

　　9． 各类从句形式

　　六大类从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同谓语从句

　　其中状语从句可以考虑9种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句

　　10. 连续短句和长句之间的转换

　　11. 简单用词和书面语词组、固定句型的转换

　　12. 修辞形式的考虑，如比喻和排比

　　好，再改下去就眼花缭乱了，如果加上各种措词或修辞现象的斟酌，版本会越来越多。想必“尸销展”看多了也有点恐怖气氛。还好，我想各位已经体会到了汪老师的良苦用心。请翻开你的教材，随意选上两句话开始brainstorm，对这些句子搞个外科手术吧，挑战极限，一试身手，你真会为丰富多彩的英语语言欢呼呢！