真题详解

　　例1  (07.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

　　翻译：虽然来自于律师的评论和反应可以增强故事，（但是）对记者来说，最好还是凭借自己对重要性的理解来做出自己的判断。

　　例2 (04.50)  Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

　　翻译：Whorf 逐渐相信一种语言决定论，它最强烈的说法认为语言禁锢了思维，也认为语言的语法模式对社会的文化会产生意义深远的结果。

　　例3  (02.49) Freedom and dignity are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

　　翻译：自由和尊严是传统理论中的自制的人的拥有物。 它们对（个人对其行为负责和对其成就给予称赞）的实践至关重要。

　　例4  (08.49) Darwin adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

　　翻译：达尔文谦虚地补充说，可能他在以下两方面优于普通人：一是注意到那些容易被忽略的事物，二是仔细地观察它们。

　　例5 (07.49)  In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

翻译：事实上，看到（没有清楚理解加拿大宪法的基本特征的记者能做关于政治新闻报道有能力的工作）是困难的。

翻译难点

　　难点1

　　例1 (06.47) The intellectual’s function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　翻译：知识分子的作用与法官的作用一样，必须承担如下责任：尽可能用明显的方式来揭示引导他得出决定的推理过程。

　　例2 (08.46)  Darwin believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.

　　翻译：达尔文相信，这个困难可能会有一个补充性的优势，即迫使他花更多时间更专心地思考每一个句子，因而使他能觉察到（在推理和他自己观察方面的）错误  。

　　例3 (07.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

　　难点2

　　例1 (06.49) But average scientist’s primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　翻译：如同（我们）不能期望商人会把精力投入到探索商业行为的规则中，普通科学家的首要任务同样也不是去思考控制他行为的道德规范。

　　例2(06.48)  I have excluded average scientist because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　翻译：我已经排除了普通的科学家，尽管他的成绩可能有助于道德问题的解决，因为他只不过承担处理那些问题的事实方面的任务。  

　　难点3

　　例1 (05.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.

　　翻译：创造一个“欧洲特性”（这种特性尊重不同的文化和传统，而这些文化和传统组成旧大陆的联系结构），这不是一个容易的任务，同时也需要策略性的选择。

　　例2 (03.47) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

　　翻译：社会科学是知识探究的一个分支，它试图以同样理性的，有条理的，系统的和客观的方式研究人类及其活动，这种方式是自然科学家用来研究自然现象的。 

　　例3 (07.47)  Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

　　翻译：另一方面，法律把这些概念与日常现实联系到一起，这与（记者日常报道和评论新闻时形成）的做法相同。  

　　难点4

　　例1 (06.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

　　翻译：我将把他定义为这样的一个人：它已经选择（以苏格拉底的方式去思考道德问题）作为他人生中最主要的责任和乐趣。

　　例2 (08.48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.

　　翻译：另一方面，某些批评者认为虽然他是个好的观察者，但没有推理能力。他认为他的批评者所做出的评价是没有根据的。

　　难点5

　　例1  Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

　　翻译：政府应该通过减少对技术的财政支出来增加对纯科学的财政支出，还是反过来，这取决于一个问题：哪一个被看作是驱动力量。 

　　例2 (02.50) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

　　翻译：直到这些问题被解决了，（否则）行为技术将继续被拒绝，同时伴随着该情况，解决我们问题的唯一方法（也会被拒绝）。

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