研究考研翻译历年真题对应用和巩固翻译技巧和方法，把握考研翻译的命题方向和提高翻译成绩，有着其他方式无可替代的重要作用。从研究和方便读者的角度出发，本章对考研翻译句子的解析采取下列格式：

　　1. 对原句的翻译过程做出一些简化，主要按照三部分展开：句子结构分析、词语用法解释、汉语方式表达。

　　2. 句子结构分析用各种具体符号标示，使读者一目了然。具体符号及表示内容如下： 句子间的逻辑层次关系用/来表示，/为第一层，//为第二层，以此类推;主语：用下划线表示;谓语：用阴影部分表示;宾语：用波浪线表示;插入语：用双下线表示;连接词：用全框来表示;修饰成分用()来表示，有必要时再做具体解释。例如：

　　It may be said //that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; / but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

　　2009年考研英语英译汉试题及解析

　　There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

　　But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

　　(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.

　　真题解析

　　46. It may be said //that the measure (of the worth of any social institution) is its effect (in enlarging and improving experience); / but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

　　句子结构分析

　　(1)该句是由but连接的并列复合句，句子的主干是it may be said…but this effect is not a part.

　　(2)that引导的是宾语从句，其句子的主干是the measure is its effect.

　　(3)本句是并列句，与汉语语序基本一致，可以采取顺译法。

　　词语用法解释

　　(1)it may be said that可以看作一个固定结构，意思是“可以说”。

　　(2)measure

　　n.表示“措施，办法”。如：They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.(他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。)

　　v.表示“衡量，测量”。如：Mother measured me to see what size of dress I should have. (母亲给我量尺寸，好知道我该穿多大号的衣服。)

　　在本句中，可以转化词性，译成动词“衡量”。

　　(3)worth

　　adj.表示“值得……的”，常用be worth doing sth.的结构。如：It isn’t worth waiting for him.(不值得等他。)

　　n.表示“价值，财产”。如：the true worth of one’s friendship (某人友谊的真正价值)。

　　本句中可以译为“价值”。

　　(4)institution

　　n.表示“制定;习惯，制度;机构”等。如：Marriage became an institution in ancient societies.(婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。)

　　本句可译为“制度”。

　　(5)effect

　　n.表示“结果, 效果, 作用, 影响”。如：The drug had an immediate effect on the pain. (这药对止痛能立刻生效。)

　　vt.表示“生效，实现”。如：The new manager effected several changes in the company.(新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。)

　　常用短语：in effect (实际上，正在生效)，take effect (开始实行，开始生效)。

　　本句是名词，译成“影响”。

　　(6)original

　　adj.表示“最初的， 原始的; 独创的，新颖的”。如：The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.(这房子本来的主人是威灵顿公爵。)再如：an original idea(独到的见解)，an original painting (原画)，a person with an original (有创作头脑的人)。

　　n.表示“原物，原作”。如：studying Greek to read Homer in the original(学习希腊文是为了读荷马原著)。

　　本句中是adj.,译成“最初的”。

　　参考译文

　　可以说，衡量任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验的影响，但是这种影响并不是它最初动机的组成部分。

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