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2006年Text 1
In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption" launched by the 19th--century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite." these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act." The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well' or ‘very well' after ten years of residence." The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. "By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families." Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S -born whites and blacks." By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez note that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power."
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
[答案] A
[解题思路]
文章第一段中谈到"the casualness and absence of consumption" launched by the 19th--century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act" (19世纪开始百货商店倡导的"消费文化"深深地吸引着人们,这些百货商店"环境舒适、商品琳琅满目,而不是那种迎合精英阶层的精品商店",它们"允许任何人的光临,而并不区分人们的阶层和背景),因此由于商店的商品丰富且对待所有人不分高低贵贱都一视同仁,人们购买的东西同一化、进而衣食穿着都趋于相似,可见百货商店在促进大众文化传播中起到了重要的作用。B选项的错误原因在于百货商店不是针对普通老百姓的精品店,而是面对社会各阶层的大众商店。C选项的错误在于真正满足知识精英阶层需求的是迎合其口味的精品店,而非百货商店。D选项的错误在于颠倒因果关系,事实上19世纪百货商店的兴起是消费文化出现的原因,而非其结果。
[题目译文]
作者认为19世纪的百货商店
[A] 对大众文化的传播起到了作用
[B] 成为了迎合普通消费者的小商店
[C] 满足了知识精英们的要求
[D] 其出现要归功于消费文化
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public's fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
[答案] D
[解题思路]
仔细阅读第五段便可以发现,阿诺·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯的例子是用来反证紧随其后的一段引文,即"some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power" (一些美国人却在担心,生活在美国的移民不知为何能不受这个国家同化能力的影响)。也就是说,连世界各地最偏远地区的孩子们都知道美国娱乐界的大牌明星,这足以证明美国文化的巨大影响力,因此D选项正确。A选项的表述其本身内容也是正确的,但是并不符合题意。B选项的错误原因在于该例子是对B表述的反证,即美国人无需担心移民不能融入其文化。C选项的错误在于这篇文章并没有提及阿诺·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯是移民(尽管至少常识告诉我们阿诺·施瓦辛格是移民自奥地利,而且他也非常成功。这说明在做题是必须紧扣文章,不能完全依赖常识)。
[题目译文]
文章第五段为什么要提及阿诺·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯?
[A] 为了证明他们在全世界的知名度
[B] 为了说明公众对于移民的恐惧
[C] 为了给出成功移民的例子
[D] 为了显示美国文化的强大影响力
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