31. With regard to Futurist poetry， however， the case is rather difficult， for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature. (2000. 阅读. Text C)。

　　【译文】然而，就未来主义派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同了。因为无论未来派诗歌为何物--即使承认其理论依据是正确的--也很难称其为文学作品。

　　【析句】句子的主干是the case is rather difficult， for it can...literature。主句里，with regard to是介词短语，并非从句，however表示与上文有转折关系。这一长句的难点主要在for引导的原因状语从句中。从句中，it can hardly...literature 是主句，又包含一个让步状语从句whatever Futurist poetry may be。两个破折号之间是动名词引导的插入语，甚至插入语中也存在一个which引导的定语从句。例2与例1结构相似，都是从句被其他成分割裂，需要考生自己判断整合。

　　32. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms. (2000. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】在某首诗中，未来派诗人用一行文字描写了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在桥上发生搏斗的场面，结果双双从桥上掉入河中。看了这样的诗，有点让人摸不着头脑，后来看了注解才发现，诗把他们两人落水的声音和体重写在了一起："扑通!扑通!185公斤。"

　　【析句】句子长，结构复杂，考生不容易马上抓住句子大意。解题的对策是首先找出句子的主干部分，it is a little upsetting to read...and to find...。其中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是to read...and to find...。read后that...是第一个宾语从句，作read的宾语，从句里又有一个介词which引导的定语从句修饰bridge;find后that...是第二个宾语从句，作find的宾语。一定要注意句子中破折号、两个逗号之间的成分，把握句子的主干，然后层层分析。

　　33. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】战后婴儿出生高峰期的到来以及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校，找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所付出的的沉重个人牺牲是否值得。

　　【析句】本句较长，但结构并不十分复杂。句子的主干是The coming of age...and an entry of women... have limited the opportunities of teenagers. 后有who引导的定语从句who are...sacrifices，修饰teenagers;同时，定语从句中又包含过去分词引导的从句involved in ...相当于which were involved...。

　　34. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama， who was then education minister， raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】去年，时任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出责难，他认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了"日本尊敬父母的道德观"。

　　【析句】本文的主干是Mituso Setoyama raised eyebrows when he argued...。其中，主句中，有who引导的定语从句，修饰Mitsuo Setoyama，点明人物身份;从句是when引导的时间状语从句，argue后that引导宾语从句，introduced by...WW II是liberal reforms的定语。修饰成分再多再长，只要找准主干再层层分析，问题就迎刃而解。

　　35. With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated， two-generation households. (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】随着经济的发展，居住集中化也随之而来，在日本1亿1900万人当中，足有76%住在城市，在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门单户的两代之家。

　　【析句】注意第一句话后的标点符号为分号，说明这是完整的句子，而不是with 引导的伴随状语。实际上这是一个倒装句，真正的语序是centralization has come with economic growth.分号后，句子主干是76% of citizens live in cities，where引导地点状语从句，修饰cities。英语长难句中，一定不要忽视标点符号的作用。

　　36. Instead， we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles， which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life， whose own children are enrolled in private schools. (2000. 阅读. Text E)

　　【译文】相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一栋避暑别墅;激进的出版商到三星级餐馆就餐;倡导终生参与民主的新闻记者却把自己的子女送进私立学校。

　　【析句】本句很长，但结构相对简单：主句是we are treated to ...spectacles， 后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。冒号之后，是对于hypocritical spectacles的解释说明，共有三个名词，the critic of...+介词短语;the publisher of...+who引导的定语从句;the journalist+动名词引导的定语结构+whose引导的定语从句。

　　37. This does not mean that ambition is at an end， that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings， but only that， no longer openly honored， it is less openly professed. (2000. 阅读. Text E)

　　【译文】但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦白了。

　　【析句】句子的主句是This does not mean，但主要内容表现在后面that引导的宾语从句，前两个是并列关系，后一个与前两个成转折关系，that ambition ...end， that people...promptings，but that it is less professed。no longer openly honored作最后一个宾语从句的伴随状语。

　　38. Such， then， is the way things stand: on the left angry critics， on the right stupid supporters， and in the middle， as usual， the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000. 阅读. Text E)

　　【译文】于是，情况就成了这样，左边是愤怒的批评家，右边是愚蠢的支持者，而居中的通常是大多数认真而努力追求成功的人。

　　【析句】主句Such is the way things stand中，things stand是省略了引导词的定语从句，冒号后进一步解释说明三种人，介词短语在前，省略了系动词are，主语在后。

　　39. Sad to say， this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes， combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. (2001. 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】遗憾的是，这次新闻机构新都调查计划结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误、拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。

　　【析句】英语阅读中有不少长句自成一段，本句就是一例。句子的主句是this project has turned out to be ...finds， about+后面三个名词作宾语的补语;逗号后combined with...puzzlement是过去分词引导的伴随状语，里面又含有what引导的宾语从句。

　　40. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers， which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. (2001. 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的"标准模式"与众多读者的意趣相差甚远。

　　【析句】句子主干是there be的主句加which引导的非限制性定语从句，定语从句中why引导宾语从句作explain的宾语。如果考生不理解standard templates，可以参考上下文中给出的解释即standard patterns。

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