考研英语之所以难是由于文章中到处都充斥着长难句,也就是句子不仅长而且结构复杂。而读懂这些长难句是我们解题的关键之所在。要想读懂,我们得学会去拆分,去识别出句子所包含的重要语法现象,其中关于倒装结构是经常作为考查点而出现的。那么,接下来,由老师重点梳理下相关知识点。
所谓的倒装,是指句子并未按照正常的主谓结构去呈现语序,而是出于语法需要或平衡结构的需要,将谓语或谓语中的一部分移到主语之前。如果是将谓语全部移到主语之前,则为完全倒装;如果是谓语中的一部分前置,则为部分倒装。
一、介词短语作状语位于句首,谓语动词是不及物动词时,句子要完全倒装。
例:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
二、here, there,now, then开头的句子,句中的谓语动词为不及物动词时,句子要发生完全倒装。
例:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
三、表否定的副词或短语位于句首,句子要发生部分倒装。
常见否定副词:not , not only , few, barely, never , little , seldom , hardly, scarcely, ...
常见表否定的短语:in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...
例:Little do they know about him.
Seldom does she come back on Sundays.
注:not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒。
例:Not only does she do well in her lessons, but also she often helps others with their lessons.
四、Only+状语(从句)位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
例:Only then did I realize the importance of English.
五、so…that结构中的倒装。
如果要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so及它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要发生部分倒装。
例:倒装前:She runs so fast that she is far ahead of others.
倒装后:So fast does she run that she is far ahead of others.
六、 if 引导的虚拟条件句中,如有 were ( had , should ) , if 则可省去,,把were,had,should提到主语前面,发生部分倒装。
例:倒装前If we had come yesterday, we would have seen him.
倒装后Had we come yesterday, we would have seen him.
七、as 引导的让步状语从句,要发生部分倒装。
1. 副词置于句首。
例:Much as she like it (=Although she like it very much), I will not buy it.
2. 动词置于句首。
例:Wait as we may (= Although we may wait), he will not see us.
3. 形容词或名词置于句首。
例:Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注:当名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。
例:A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
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