五：引号

　　1.可表示讽刺：

　　“Scientific”creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.(1996，Text 5)

　　Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large“comfortable”classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (1996, Text 3)

　　2. 可用于引用某人观点：

　　“I struck gold,”says Redmon.(2004，Text 1)

　　“我发现了金矿，”Redmon说。

　　3.表示专有名词

　　I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship ofSheafter a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into“downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.(2001，Text 5)

　　我发现，放弃那种“为生活打拼”的信条，转向“减压减速”的生活，将会带来高于经济收入和社会地位的回报;Linda Kelsey不堪压力，辞掉She杂志社编辑职务的消息备受关注之后，她或许与我有同样的发现。

　　六：括号

　　1.可用于解释前词意义

　　1). Drugs(substances)that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.(1997，Text 3)

　　2).Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.(2009，Text 1)

　　二十世纪六十年代末的研究者们发现，人类天生就会用四种主要的方法应对挑战：即所谓的分析法、程序法、关系法(或者合作法)以及创新法。

　　3). But today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly)wisdom(2009，Text 2)

　　可是今天的男人可以变成更聪明的父亲。

　　2.通常是答案的位置

　　[2006 Text 2] Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

　　29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.

　　[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

　　[B] the company is financially ill-managed

　　[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable

　　[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise

　　[2007 Text 2]The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

　　27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?

　　[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

　　[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

　　[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

　　[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

　　[2007 Text 4] The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

　　40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that

　　[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.

　　[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.

　　[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.

　　[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.

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