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2015考研英语长难句每周一解(五)

　　从考生近期在考研英语方面的提问来看，长难句仍然是考生本阶段复习的难点所在，大多数考生的问题都已不是单纯的某种从句，而是名词词组较多、语法结构较复杂的句式，老师在本文中就一些有代表性的问题给出详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解句意、掌握长难句。

　　1、 请详细解释：This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

　　解析：这个句子体现了典型的英文文章写作手法——动词名词化，显得比较客观和正式。这个句子整个框架是主系表结构，其中a justification和a rationalization是并列的两个表语，for neglect of those in need作a justification的后置定语，of exploitation和of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom都是a rationalization的后置定语。由于中文习惯用动词，所以在翻译时要把名词化动词还原，例如“a justification”要还原成“justify，为……做辩护”。整句话的句意是：这似乎是为忽视贫困者的行为做辩护，为剥削、为上层人的优越和底层人的卑微找理由。

　　2、 请分析并翻译：Most senior executives are familiar with formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.

　　解析：这个句子句式复杂，先要理清句子基本骨架——and连接的两个并列句。第一个句子是Most senior executives are familiar with formal decision analysis models and tools;第二个句子是those are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods。“who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions”是定语从句，修饰those; “which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action”是修饰solutions的定语从句。整句话的句意是：大部分高层管理人员熟知正规的决策分析模式和工具,那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出决定的人会对一种情况保持警惕,那就是有时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。

　　3、 切分句子切不明白：Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory , so that they should be more in turn with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail(害怕)at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship ,observing Borromini.

　　解析：句子主句是Anyone and anyone will find spiritual kinship，第一个anyone是considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art的逻辑主语，which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory是those forms of older art的定语从句，so that they should be more in turn with the changing times仍然说的是those forms of old art，定语从句who does not quail(害怕)at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function修饰第二个anyone。

　　以上三个句子分别代表了三种类型的考研英语长难句：第一种是名词化词组拉长句子;第二种是并列句的基础上套用从句;第三种是核心词修饰成分过长导致句子主干不好辨认。这些都是英语写作中作者显示自己写作水平常用的手法，建议考生在阅读文章时多留心、多分析，熟练之后加快速度，从而提高阅读理解做题效率。

　　2015年考研英语翻译：长难句每周一解

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