五、 过去完成时

　　1、过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成的动作。即”过去的过去”。常用的信号词有by(到……时候为止)，before等介词短语，或用unless，when，after，once，as soon as等连词引起的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语来表示。

　　2、过去完成时常用在”no sooner…than”，和”hardly…when (before)”等句型的主句中，从句中常用一般过去时。如：By the end of last year，I had worked in this college for ten years. / No sooner had he finished his performance than the audience began to cheer. (=He had no sooner…than…) (他刚表演完观众就喝采)

　　六、其它要注意的时态

　　1、be going to口语中常用，表示最近打箅要做的事情;根据某种迹象表明可能要发生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening? / Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.

　　2、过去将来时，多见于主句谓语动足一般过去时的宾语从句中。如：He said that he would get married soon.

　　3、过去进行时主要用法之一是描述一件事发生的背景，往往在一个动作发生的过程中，突然发生第二个戏剧性的动作。第二个戏剧性动作为一般过去时，由when或while引出，意为”此时”。有二种句型：My pother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. / Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. / Someone knocked at the door while I was taking a shower. / Just as I was opening the door，the telephone rang.

　　4、如果两个动作都引人注目且同时发生，并没有一个比另一个更形象、更主要时，那么两个动作都可以用过去进行时。如：My husband was reading while I was cooking.

　　七、有些动词以主动形式出现，却有被动含义

　　如：The knife cuts well. / Nylon underwear washes easily. 尼龙内衣容易洗 / The novels written by the young man sell well.那个年青人写的小说销路好 / This ball-pen writes in four colours. 这支园珠笔可以写出四种颜色 / The note reads as follows”…”. 字条上写着：”……”。

　　八、短语动词构成的被动语态中，介词或副词不可省略

　　如：More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future. / The old woman has been operated on. (这位老妇人已经动过了手术) / The purse was picked up and handed to the police. 此外，固定搭配 “动词 + 名词 + 介词” 习语中，介词也不能省掉。 Time must be made good use of. / Less clever children should not be made fun of.

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