2010年成人高考专升本英语中一致关系复习指导(1)

　　3. 有连接词连接的名词或代词作主语

　　1)用both…and或and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数

　　如：Both the secretary and manager have agreed to be present.书记和经理都同意出席。

　　注：但是，由and连接的并列主语如果指的是一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语用单数。这时后面的可数名词没有冠词。

　　如：The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。

　　2)当名词或代词后面是with, as well as, along with, together with, but, except, in addition to, rather than等连词作主语，谓语动词一般和前一名词或代词的人称和数一致。

　　如：Dr. Green, together with his wife and two sons, has just left and will return at four o’clock.格林博士及其夫人和两个儿子一起刚刚离开，将于4点回来。

　　3)由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词要符合就近一致的原则，即要与邻近的主语一致。

　　如: Either the principal or his assistants are to attend the meeting. 要么校长要么他的助手们得去参加会议。

　　4. 数词、量词作主语

　　1)分数或百分数+of+名词构成短语作主语，谓语形式是用单数还是复数取决于他们表示的意义。

　　用法类似的结构还有half of, a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of, the rest of等

　　如：Half of the students have read the novel.一半学生读过这本小说。

　　Half of the food is unfit to eat. 一半的事物不能吃了。

　　There is plenty of wine in the bottle.瓶里还有不少的酒。

　　There are plenty of books on the shelf.书架中有很多书。

　　2)the number of+可数名词， the amount of+不可数名词， the quantity of+可数名词或不可数名词的短语作主语，谓语用单数。

　　如：The number of the pages in this book is 500.这本书的页码是500页。

　　The quantity of books in the library is amazing.图书馆书的数量是令人惊讶的。

　　二、名词与代词的一致关系

　　代词与其所代替或修饰的名词(或代词)在人称或性别上必须保持一致。

　　如：Each of the students was required to translate the poem by himself. 要求每个学生能够独立把这首诗翻译出来。

　　Every doctor must know both medical theory and techniques so that he can apply them in helping his patients.每一位医生必须既懂得医学理论，又懂得医学技术，这样才能将它们用于帮助自己的病人。

　　注：1)在英语中，国家、船只等事物的名词一般被看为阴性的，所以常用she, her来代替。

　　如：France has decided to increase her trade with China.法国决定增加其对华贸易。

　　2)合成代词anyone, somebody等的性别一般用they, their 指代。

　　如：Nobody remembered to sign their names.没人记着去签名。

　　3)不定代词one在句中重复使用，可以用his, he代替。

　　如：One must love his motherland.一个人必须热爱他的祖国。

　　三、主语与状语逻辑主语的一致

　　表示时间、条件以及伴随情况等状语的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，否则就会意义含混不清。

　　如：误：Having been delayed by heavy traffic, it was impossible for her to arrive on time.

　　正：Having been delayed by heavy traffic，she found it impossible for her to arrive on time.

　　由于交通阻塞的耽搁，她觉得不可能按时到达了。