2010年成人高考专升本英语定语从句备考指导

　　2. 先行词指物，用关系代词which

　　同学们先把下面这两句话合并成一句话：

　　The book is interesting.

　　I bought it yesterday.

　　The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.(关系词 which 就是指代的书，在定语从句中作bought 的宾语，所以原句中买的宾语it 要去掉)

　　我们来做拆句练习：

　　如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(which替代的物，作从句的主语)

　　The building is a supermarket.

　　The building stands near the train station.( which指代的内容还原)

　　The computer which I wanted to buy was sold out.我想买的那种计算机卖完了。(which替代的物，作从句的宾语)

　　She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was.她喜爱跳舞，她弟弟不喜爱.( which替代的物，作从句的表语)

　　注：当关系代词接跟介词，作介词宾语，只能用which指物。

　　如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这就是我们去年住的房子。(which作介词in的宾语，不可以用that替换)

　　4.that可以指人，也可以指代物

　　that可以指人，也可以指代物,不能用在非限定性定语从句中，也不能用在介词后面。

　　如：The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.会上讲话的那个人是一位著名的科学家。(that指代人，作从句的主语)

　　Is this the photo that you took last summer? 这是你去年夏天照的相片吗?(that指代物，作从句的宾语)

　　在下面几种情况下，必须用that引导定语从句：

　　1) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, anything等

　　如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

　　再如：2001年第33小题：

　　All that is needed is a continuous supply of fuel.

　　2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词，形容词最高级

　　如：This is the best movie that I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。

　　3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little等修饰时

　　如：I have read all the books that you gave me.我读了你给我的所有的书。

　　4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时

　　如：He is the only person that I want to talk to.他是我要谈话的那个人。

　　5) 当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物

　　如：They are talking about persons and things that they remembered.

　　6)在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复

　　如：Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

　　Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours? 从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的?

　　7)修饰表示时间的名词如day, time, moment等，代替when.

　　如：It happened on the day that he was born. 这件事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。

　　8)如果两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已经用了which,另外一个用that

　　如：The country built up a factory which produced things that have never been seen before.这个国家建立了一个生产以前未曾见过的东西的工厂。