passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.

　　These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period --- how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music --- although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.

　　The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mindthan a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries---that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.

　　62. What does the author mean by using the word “eventually” in line 3?

　　A) That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did

　　B) That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”

　　C) The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians

　　D) That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet

　　63. The phrase "frowned on" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

　　A) given up B) forgotten about C) argued about D) disapproved of

　　64. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of

　　A) communication among artists across Europe

　　B) spirituality in everyday life

　　C) a cultural emphasis on human values

　　D) religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes

　　65. According to the passage, why was Bemardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?

　　A) It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians. B) It had little emotional impact on audiences.

　　C) It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time. D) It did not contain enough religious themes.

　　66. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?

　　A) The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style. B) The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.

　　C) Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians. D) During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long. Part V Cloze(15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.

　　The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990, its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees were non-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ .

　　The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ of workers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that. _80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturing moves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.

　　67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity

　　68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing

　　69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared

　　70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy

　　71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier

　　72. A. by B. at C. through D. in

　　73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes

　　74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time

　　75. A. what B. like C. that D. how

　　76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting

　　77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services

　　78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group

　　79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk

　　80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence

　　81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries

　　82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding

　　83. A. with B. as C. given D. if

　　84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which

　　85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave

　　86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormous

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