2013年12月英语四级考试(新题型)冲刺试卷（三）

　　56、Questions 56-61 are based on the following passage.

　　I've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinctionand one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mindand the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel nomatter how much we might like to think so.

　　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture afleeting ( 稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it withthe world in raw form; no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want tomake writing the tool for thinking that it is.

　　The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls"free writing". In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. Nostopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideaswill come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

　　Now you have taw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded tosit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually haveand you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near.

　　Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through youravailable time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forthuntil you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

　　When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind "cannot work in parallel" (Line 3, Para.1 ) in the writing process, he means ____

　　A.no one can be both creative and critical

　　B.they cannot be regarded as equally important

　　C.they are in constant conflict with each other

　　D.one cannot use them at the same time

　　57、What prevems people from writing on is ____

　　A.putting their ideas in raw form

　　B.attempting to edit as they write

　　C.ignoring grammatical soundness

　　D.trying to capture fleeting thoughts

　　58、What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?

　　A.To organize one's thoughts logically.

　　B.To choose an appropriate topic.

　　C.To get one's ideas down.

　　D.To collect raw materials.

　　59、One common concern of writers about "free writing" is that ____. .

　　A.it overstresses the role of the creative mind

　　B.it takes too much time to edit afterwards

　　C.it may bring about too much criticism

　　D.it does not help them to think clearly

　　60、In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?

　　A.It refines his writing into better shape.

　　B.It helps him to come up with new ideas.

　　C.It saves the writing time available to him.

　　D.It allows him to sit on the side and observe.

　　61、Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.

　　I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people askedconstantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling thosestories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do fred interesting is the origin of the universe, theshape' of space-time and the nature of black holes.

　　At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in theclassroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started tobother me. My every achievement--jobs, research papers, awards--was viewed through the lens of gender (性 别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain.versus (相对于)fight brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.

　　Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply toany and all provocations: I don't falk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burdenon every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.

　　Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked mehow many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer:45. I know some 9fmY students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. AndI don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them "war" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual oftheir physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.

　　Why doesn't the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?

　　A.She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.

　　B.She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.

　　C.She is not good at telling stories of the kind.

　　D.She finds space research more important.

　　62、From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author's failures to ____

　　A.the very fact that she is a woman

　　B.her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist

　　C.her involvement in gender politics

　　D.the burden she bears in a male-dominated society

　　63、What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?

　　A.Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.

　　B.Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.

　　C.People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists.

　　D.Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture.

　　64、Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?

　　A.Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.

　　B.Her students' performance has brought back her confidence.

　　C.Her female students can do just as well as male students.

　　D.More female students are pursuing science than before.

　　65、What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?

　　A.Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation.

　　B.Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.

　　C.Women can balance a career in science and having a family.

　　D.Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.

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