2013中考备考：英语习惯用语

　　中考英语常见习惯用语:知识概要——由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。

　　正误辨析

　　[误] - What can I do for you?

　　- Yes, please help me

　　[正] - What can I do for you?

　　- I‘d like to buy a sweater

　　[析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。

　　[误] - Which colour do you like?

　　- Sorry, I don’t like

　　[正] - Which colour do you like?

　　- I prefer blue

　　[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it

　　[误] Do you like to come with us tonight?

　　[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?

　　[析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:

　　Shall we go? 我们走吧!

　　Let‘s go? 让我们走吧!

　　How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?

　　What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?

　　Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?

　　其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure

　　[误] - What‘s the problem?

　　- I’ve got a headache

　　[正] What‘s wrong with you?

　　I’ve got a headache

　　[析] What‘s wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何,而 What’s the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。

　　[误] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?

　　- Perhaps You’d better do your homework first

　　[正] - Now, I‘m back Can I play?

　　- I’m afraid not You‘d better do your homework first

　　[析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如: Am I right? Perhaps而 I’m afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有:

　　I‘m afraid that you are right

　　其后直接加宾语从句。

　　- Will you come to my birthday party?

　　- I’m afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital

　　其后+not,表示否定。

　　- Sorry, I don‘t want to go there alone, I’m afraid of the dog

　　其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。

　　Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam

　　其后+ of + 动名词,表示害怕做某事。

　　Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn‘t do well in the exam

　　其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。

　　[误] - How soon will you be ready?

　　- Two days

　　[正] - How soon will you be ready?

　　- In two days

　　[析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是“还有多久才能作完”,这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问,则答语可以用 two days。

　　[误] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

　　- I don’t mind

　　- Monday and Tuesday of next week

　　[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off?

　　- When exactly

　　- Monday and Tuesday of next week

　　[析] 有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don‘t mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。

　　[误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“

　　[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?”

　　[析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问“Who’s that(speaking)?”但不要讲“Who are you?”如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲“This is ×××× speaking”而不要讲“I‘m ××××”也不要讲“My name is ×××××.” 就语法而论,“Who are you?” “I’m ××××”“My name is ×××××”并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。

　　[误] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?

　　- I don’t hope so

　　[正] - Do you think it‘s going to rain over the weekend?

　　- I hope not

　　[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope soI believe so 是相同的,但在否定句中却常用 I don’t think so 但I don‘t believe so 和 I don’t hope so 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为:我想可能不会发生吧!

　　[误] - Is anybody there?

　　- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

　　[正] - Is everybody there?

　　- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

　　[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave

　　[误] - Your handwriting is very good!

　　- No, my handwriting is very poor

　　[正] - Your handwriting is very good!

　　- Thank you

　　[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说: Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如: Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。

　　[误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I‘ll go first”

　　[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I have to go”

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