虚拟语气-试题导解

试题导解        
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. 
A.breaks   B.has broken   C.were broken   D.had been broken 
解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。
2. I didn‘t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother. 
A.has come   B.did come   C.came   D.had come
解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。
3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. 
A.was warned; would not take
B.had been warned; would not have taken
C.would be warned; had not taken
D.would have been warned; had not taken
解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。
4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier.  
A.will be   B.would have been   C.could have been   D.would be
解析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.  
A.obeys   B.obey   C.will obey   D.would obey
解析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。
6. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A.seen   B.did see   C.had seen   D.were to see
解析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。
7. —— If he _____ , he _____ that food.
   —— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.  
A.was warned;would not take   B.had been warned;would not have taken
C.wuld be warned;had not taken   D.would have been warned;had not taken
解析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.  
 A.is   B.will be   C.would have been   D.would be
解析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____.  
A.breaks   B.has broken   C.were broken   D.had been broken
解析：放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
10. I didn he _____ , he would have said hello to me.
A.would come   B.had come   C.came   D.did come
解析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。
11. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn have made any progress.
A.Had;not been   B.Should;not be   C.Did;not be   D.Not;be
解析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
12. Mr Smith was badly ill, or he _____ our dinner party.
A.should come to   B.would have attended  
C.would come to   D.should have attended
解析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。
练习：                   
一． 用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1.The boy isn’t hungry. If he ______ (be) hungry, he ______ (eat) the cake.
2.He’s been away since last Sunday. If he ______ (be) here yesterday, he ______ (attend) the concert.
3.I couldn’t keep away after twelve. If I ______ (work) all night, I ______ (finish) it in time.
4.We didn’t know her address. If we ______ (know) it, we ______ (send) a note to her.
5.You’re late. If you ______ (come) a few minutes earlier, you ______ (meet) the famous woman scientist.
6.He was careless. If he ______ (put) the gold watch in a safe place, he ______ (not 
   lose) it.
7.He isn’t here. If he ______ (be) here, he ______ (help) his sister learn to use the   abacus.
8.She _______ (be) busy now. If she _______ (be) free, she _______ (go) with you.
9.The manager _______ (be) in his office now. If he ________ (be) here, everything _______ (be) settled in a minute.
10.If I ________ (be) you, I _______ (not be) discouraged at all.
二．单项选择
1.If I ________ your book, I’ll give it to you.
   A. will find   B. have found   C. find   D. finds
2. If I found your book, I ______ give it to you. 
  A. will B. had C. / D. would 
3. If he _______ the exam, he would fail it.
  A. would take  B. took  C. will take  D. takes 
4. What would you do if you ______ your passport in a foreign country. 
  A. will lose  B. lost  C. losses  D. would lose
5. If I invited Bill to the party, I _____ invite Linda too.
  A. would have to  B. would C. will have to D. will must
6. If we _______ go to the party next week, they would be very angry.
  A. don’t B can’t  C. have to D. dinn’t
7. ---Sahll I open all the windows?
  ---Yes, please, if you _______.
  A. shall  B. would C. can D. have to 
8. I don’t know _______, if he _______, I’ll tell you.
A. if he comes, will come
B. if he will come, comes 
C. whether she comes, comes 
D. whether she will come, comes 
9. I wish I ______ younger.
A. were   B. are   C. am   D. /  
10. Do you ever wish you ________?
A. can fly B. have flown C. could fly  D. would fly
参考答案
一．1. were, could/ would 2. had been, would have attended 3. had worked, would have finished 4. had known, would have sent 5. had come, would have met 6. had put, wouldn’t have lost 7. were, would help 8. is, were, would be 9. is, were, would be 10. were, should not be 
二．C D B B A D B B A C