20年考研英语真题超纲词汇大集合

provincial a. ①省的．区域的[生] a．②(贬)眼光狭隘的，守旧的，迂腐的
What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial(a.) body much like the recently created National Health Council．[2005年阅读]
[译文]全国性指什么?罗曼诺先生和科比议员的建议是，像近来创立的国家健康咨询中心那样，是一个各省联邦的实体。

psychoactive a．作用于精神的，影响(或改变)心理状态的
Psychoactive(a.) substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants，depressants，or hallucinogens．[1997年阅读]
[译文]影响精神状态的物质通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和迷幻剂。

prefrontal a．额叶前部的，前额的
But not all parts of the brain are equally involved；[he limbic system (the“emotional brain”)is especially active, while the prefrontal (a.) cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet．[2005年阅读]
[译文]但并不是所有大脑的部位都参与活动；控制情绪的大脑部位异常活跃，然而控制智力和理性的大脑部位却相对平静。

pushing a．有进取心的，急切的
What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams，as easily and openly as once they could，lest they be thought pashing (a．)，acquisitive and vulgar．[2000年阅读]
[译文]现在的情况是人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自己的梦想，惟恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。

pipeline n．管道，传递途径
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism／evolution are in the publisher's pipelines(n.)．A few have already appeared．[1996年阅读]
[译文]有传言说，有20多本关于创世纪论与进化论之争的书即将出版，有几本已经面世了。

pointless a．无意义的
Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_______．
[D]pointless (a.) and wasteful[2003年阅读]
[译文]被误导的人们往往认为：在研究中使用动物_______。
[D]没有意义、纯属浪费

populace n．平民
Specialists (48：in) history and economics，have (49：shown) two things：that the period from 1650 to 1750 was (50：marked) by great poverty，and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (n．)．[1998年完形]
[译文]历史和经济方面的专家们已经证明了两点：第一，极端贫困是1650年至1750年这段时期的标志；第二，工业化肯定没有使大多数民众的生活状况恶化。或许，正是工业化才真正改善了大多数平民的生活状况。

populist a．大众化的
From the beginning of our history，says Hofstadter，our democratic and populist (n.) urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism．[2004年阅读]
[译文]霍夫斯塔特说：自我们的历史之初，我们对民主化和大众化的渴望就驱使我们排斥任何带有精英优越论味道的东西。

practicable a．能实行的，行得通的，可以实行的
Everybody gets ideas，but innovators work consciously on theirs，and they follow them through until they prove practicable (a.) or otherwise．[1994年阅读]
[译文]每一个人都有想法，但创新者会自觉地钻研他的想法，并不懈努力直到证明想法切实可行或不可行。

preconception n．预想，偏见
Some，however，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas．[1996年翻译]
[译文]然而，在不同的发展过程中，有些不怎么合理一在这些发展过程中，一些权威人士对科学研究应该采取的方式有偏见，从而改变了不同科学领域的发展模式。

preoccupation n．当务之急
If the preoccupation (n.) of schools with academic work was lessened，more time might be spent teaching children surer values．[1995年阅读]
[译文]如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。

presumptively ad．据推测
He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively (ad.) ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension．”[2002年阅读]
[译文]他说，行医资格理事会“必须明确表明一病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是由于医生处理不力造成的，应该因此吊销其从医资格”。

presumptuous a．专横的。自以为是的
It is，however，presumptuous (a.) to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists，so many businessmen，so many accountants．[1999年阅读]
[译文]然而，去臆断科学家、商人、会计职位的数量就太自以为是了。

primeval a．原始的
What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected：the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite?Cobe?had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin With the primeval (a.) explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)．[1998年翻译]
[译文]研究人员所发现的宇宙云系既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙前景探索者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据证明宇宙的确起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”(此理论认为宇宙起源于一大团能量)。

profess v．表示，公开承认
This does not mean that ambition is at an end，that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings，but only that, no longer openly honored，it is less openly professed (v.).[2000年阅读]
[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。

prompting n．促进，激励，提示
This does not mean that ambition is at an end．that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings(n.)，but only that．no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed．[2000年阅读]
[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。

promptness n．敏捷，机敏
For personal growth，the author advocates all of the following except______.
[B]promptness (n.) in self-adaptation[1995年阅读]
[译文]对于个人成长，下面所有各项中作者不倡导______。
[B]自我迅速适应

provincialist n．地方居民，乡下人
A．Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist (n.) ideology．[2005年阅读]
[译文]A．魁北克省拒绝加入全国性代理机构是出于地方保护主义思想。

psychedelic a．起幻觉的，迷幻的；n．迷幻剂
These are the substances often called psychedelic (n.) (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness．[1997年阅读]
[译文]这些物质常被称为迷幻剂(该醋源于希腊语，指“心灵显现”)，因为它们似乎能完全改变人的意识状态。

publicize v．宣扬
I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized (v.) resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into“downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status．[2001年阅读]
[译文]我已经发现(由于压力过大，凯尔茜已多次公开宣称要辞去《她》杂志编辑的职务，在这之后她也许会有同样发现)放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。

quadruple a．四倍的，四重的；vt．使成四倍；vi．成为四倍
This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock，when prices quadrupled (vt.)，and 1979-1980，when they also almost tripled．[2002年阅读]
[译文]这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和1979至1980年两次可怕的石油恐慌，当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。

rearview n．(车辆上的)后视镜
Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview (n.) mirror and a faulty steering wheel．[1997年阅读]
[译文]因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。

reasoning n．推理；推论
When that happens，it is not a mistake：it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning(n.) in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at．[1997年翻译]
[译文]这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应受到嘲弄。

revival n．苏醒，复兴，复活，再生效，复苏
The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle，and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival(n.)in the underlying trend．[1998年阅读]
[译文]问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的，因此，还不能作为一次确凿的证据来证实在这一潜在的趋势背后会出现经济复苏的迹象。

receptor n．接受器，感受器，受体
The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (n．) (19：available)for unfamiliar and emergency signals(20：such as)the smell of smoke．which might indicate the danger of fire．[2005年完形]
[译文]我们发现，大脑能在有不熟悉或紧急信号时，使嗅觉接收器工作，例如，烟味就是着火和危险的信号。

redundancy n．冗余
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline?after the mass redundancies (n.) caused by downsizing in the late'80s?and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives．[2001年阅读]
[译文]在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应一出现于80年代后期缩小经济规模导致大规模裁员??在英国，至少在我所认识的中产阶级的简化生活者中，这种趋势仍被认为与节俭政治有关联，虽然如此，然而我们有着不同的理由使自己的生活简单化。

referee n．仲裁人，调解人，裁判员；v．仲裁，裁判
The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs，a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing (v.)，first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century．[2001年阅读]
[译文]其整体的结果是使业余人员进入专业性地质学杂志更加困难，而审稿制度的全面引进使这个结果得到加强。这一制度开始是在19世纪的全国性杂志进行，进入20世纪后也在一些地方性地质杂志实行。

reformatory a．①改革的；②起改革作用的
The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_____．
[D]radically reformatory (a.①)[1999年阅读]
[译文]作者认为：目前匆忙将计算机引入课堂的做法_______。
[D]具有彻底的革命性

remold vt．改造
The emergence of the Net has_______．
[B]remolded (vt.) the intelligence services[2003年阅读]
[译文]网络的出现已经_______．
[B]重塑了情报业

revere v．尊敬
While history once revered (v.) its affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past．[1999年翻译]
[译文]当历史学曾经重视其与文学和哲学的密切关系时，新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多探求新问题的机会，并且为了解过去提供了有价值的研究方法。

righteous a．正直的，正当的，正义的
Feelings of righteous (a.) indignation，it seems，are not the preserve of people alone．[2005年阅读]
[译文]看起来，义愤不仅仅是人类独有的。

scanty a．缺乏的，稀疏的
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty (a.).[2001年阅读]
[译文]目前证明这股合并浪潮是带来利还是弊的实例并不多。

scapegoat n．替罪羊
You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats (n.) like the Post Office or the telephone system．[2002年阅读]
[译文]如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊，那你就会处于比较安全的境地。

schism n．分裂
The schism (n.) between science and the humanities has，if anything，deepened in this century．[1998年阅读]
[译文]本世纪，(自然)科学与人文科学之间的分裂更深了。

sensory a．感觉的，感官的
“By linking directly to our nervous system，computers could pick up what we feel and，hopefully，simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory (a.) environments，rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck”he says．[2001年翻译]
[译文]他说：“通过直接与我们的神经系统连接起来，计算机可以感知我们感觉到的东西，并且，它有希望模仿感觉，致使我们能够发展全方位感知环境，就像电影《全部回忆》中的假期或特列克星号上的全息舱面。”

shareholder n．股东
The “shareholders(n.)” as such had no knowledge of the lives，thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares，and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good．[1996年阅读]
[译文]这类股东不了解他们所持股的公司里工人们的生活、思想和需求。他们对劳资关系也不会产生积极的影响。

shipper n．托运人，发货人，货主
Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers(n.)fear that they will，as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market．[2003年阅读]
[译文]谁来支付其余的费用?许多“被控”客户担心他们会因为南诺弗克和CSX公司将增加对市场的控制。

shortlist n．最后候选人名单
Shortlists (n.) for job interviews，election ballot papers，lists of conference speakers and attendees：all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them．[2004年阅读]
[译文]求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，也是按字母表顺序排序的，当人们费劲地向下查看时，兴趣随之索然。

silt n．淤泥，泥沙；v．(使)淤塞，充塞
The Aswan Dam，for example，stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt (n.) that floods left?all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity．[1998年阅读]
[译文]以阿斯旺大坝为例，它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤,换回来的是这么一个有弊病的水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。

sizable a．相当大的，大小相当的
A sizable (a.) portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline．[2002年阅读]
[译文]世界上很多地区才刚刚走出经济衰落。

skepticism n．怀疑论
History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism (n.) and optimism．[2005年翻译]
[译文]历史和新闻往往混为一谈，人们的这种印象往往也是怀疑和乐观的混合体。

skyrocket v．暴涨，猛涨
Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket (v.) with annual increases from 14．3 percent to 26．8 per cent![2005年阅读]
[译文]A．魁北克省药品保险基金发现药品价格一年就从14．3％暴涨到26．8％!

smallpox n．天花
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well．from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox (n.) virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research．[1998年阅读]
[译文]1996年对新闻报道的调查表明，反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体上，这些人包括从提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。

sovereignty n．君主，主权，主权国家
Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty (n.) might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States．[2001年阅读]
[译文]那些认为外国投资是对本国主权的侵犯的国家最好还是研究一下美国的基础设施(社会的基本结构基础)建设历史。

spatial a．空间的
They are both experts in spatial (a．)thinking．[1996年阅读]
[译文]他们都是空间(立体)思维的专家。

spontaneity n．自发性
In both oral and written English．talking is triumphing over speaking，spontaneity (n.) over craft．[2005年阅读]
[译文]无论作为口语还是书面语言的英语，侃侃而谈胜过了雅致的言辞，而自我发挥也经过了精心准备。

spook n．间谍，特务
The spooks (n.) call it “open-source intelligence”，and as the Net grows，it is becoming increasingly influential．[2003年阅读]
[译文]间谍们把它称为“公开渠道情报”，随着互联网的增长，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。

spymaster n．间谍首脑
Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution，a spymaster's (n.) dream．[2003年阅读]
[译文]该公司的总裁乔治•弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，这是间谍大师的梦想。

standstill n．静止，停顿
Population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill(n.)．[1998年阅读]
[译文](美国)东北部和中西部的人口已接近零增长。

stark a．刻板的，完全的；ad．完全地
The problem is simple and stark (a.①)：health-care costs have been，are，and will continue to increase faster than government revenues．[2005年阅读]
[译文]问题简单而又显而易见，那就是，健康福利的支出过去、现在和将来都会比政府税收增加得快。

statistics　n．统计学，统计表
This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in，a fact underlined by statistics(n.) that show that out of eighty European television networks，no less than 50％ took a loss in 1989．[2005年翻译]
[译文]这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事，统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，多达一半在1989年亏损。

stepladder n．活梯
Today，stepladders (n.) carry labels several inches long that warn，among other things，that you might?surprised!?fall off．[1999年阅读]
[译文]现在，梯子上警告标签有几英寸长，除了警告你其他可能发生的意外情况外，还警告你可能会摔下来，简直是莫名其妙!

stimulant n．刺激物，兴奋剂
Stimulants (n.) initially speed up or activate the central nervous system，whereas depressants slow it down.[1997年阅读]
[译文]兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用，而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动。

stimulus n．刺激物，促进因素，刺激
A further stimulus (n．) to invention came from the“premium”system，which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it．[1996年阅读]
[译文]推动发明的另一激励因素来自“奖赏”制度，它产生于我们的专利制度之前，且多年来与后者一同实施。

stirring a．激动人心的，活跃的，忙碌的; n．激励
This does not mean that ambition is at an end，that people no longer feel its stirrings (n.) and promptings，but only that，no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed．[2000年阅读]
[译文]但这并不意味着雄心已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了，只是人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地承认了。

stockpile n．积蓄，库存；vt．储蓄，贮存
Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile (n.) of information．[1995年阅读]
[译文]除了当今的社会变化之外，还有信息量巨大的问题。

stomp n．跺脚; v．践踏，跺脚
A man in a white coat rushes to the head of the line，grabs his food and stomps (v.) over to a table by himself．[2002年阅读]
[译文]一个身穿白外套的人冲到队伍的最前面，抓起他的食物，大踏步地独自走到一张桌子边。

subtitle n．副标题，小标题
But it is less clear，to take the question of his subtitle (n.)，why we should，like，care．[2005年阅读]
[译文]但考虑到其副标题所提的问题：为什么我们应该、喜欢或在意?答案还不够明白。

suspension n．悬浮，暂停，中止
He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear … that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension (n.)．”[2002年阅读]
[译文]他说，行医资格理事会“必须明确表明??病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是由于医生处理不力造成的，应该因此吊销其从医资格”。

supervision n．监督，管理
This lack of parental supervision (n.) is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates．[2004年完形]
[译文]缺乏父母监督也被认为是影响少年犯罪率的一种因素。

supercluster n．超星系团
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well，the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters (n.) of galaxies．[1998年翻译]
[译文]Cobe卫星设计的目的就是观察这些最大的物体结构，但宇航员还是想看到更为微小的热区，即像星系中的星团和超星团这样一些局部物体的粒子。

supposedly ad．想像上，据推测，大概
Sir Isaac Newton supposedly (ad．)discovered gravity，through the fall of an apple．[1999年阅读]
[译文]艾萨克•牛顿爵士通过苹果落地发现了万有引力。

surveillance n．监视，监督
A boom in neighborhood surveillance (n.) cameras will，for example，cause problems in 2010，while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids．[2001年翻译]
[译文]比如，住宅区附近监视器的猛增在2010年会引发问题；逼真的机器人将意味着人们可能无法区分人类朋友和仿真机器人。

tangible a．切实的，真实的
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires，you have something tangible (a.) tosell．[1996年阅读]
[译文]当你为自己的能力和欲望仔细地筹划了一幅蓝图后，你就有确切的东西可以兜售了。

technicist n．技术员，技师
Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist (n.) fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. [1999年翻译]
[译文]在自然科学领域，这种现象也很普遍，技术谬误错误地将历史研究技术实施过程中的某些过程当成了历史研究的整体。

telecom (=telecommunication)n．电信
The mergers of telecom (n.) companies，such as WorldCom，hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress．[2001年阅读]
[译文]像世界通讯这样的通讯公司合并似乎没有给消费者带来更高的价格，或者降低技术进步的速度。

template/ templet n．模板，样板
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers，which helps explain why the “standard templates (n.)” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers．[2001年阅读]
[译文]新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”与众多读者的意趣相差甚远的原因。

teller n．(银行)出纳员
Our banking is done at automated teller (n.) terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction．[2002年阅读]
[译文]自动柜员机处理着银行业务，完成业务后，它们还会机械地、有礼貌地感谢我们。

therapist n．临床医学家
Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist (n.)．[2005年阅读]
[译文]长期受恶梦困忧的人应该去找专家看看。

thermostat n．自动调温器，温度调节装置
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat (n.)，regulating moods while the brain is“off-line．”[2005年阅读]
[译文]现在，研究人员怀疑，梦是大脑调节情感的一部分，当大脑“掉线”时，梦能调控情绪。

thrilling a．①毛骨悚然的；②颤动的
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling (a．①) explanation is，unfortunately，a little defective．[1997年阅读]
[译文]通货膨胀为何如此的和缓?可惜的是，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。

tort n．民事侵权行为
At the same time，the American Law Institute?a group of judges，lawyers，and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight?issued new guidelines for tort (n.) law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones．[1999年阅读]
[译文]与此同时，美国法学会??该学会由一群举足轻重的法官、律师、学者所组成??签署了新的民事侵害法纲要，宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险，或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能造成的危险的清单。

transcendentalist a．[哲]先验论者的，超越论者的
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist (n.) philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children：“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing．”[2004年阅读]
[译文]拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生和其他一些先验主义哲学家认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，“我们被关在中小学和大学的朗诵室里十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却啥都不懂。”

treasury n．财政部，国库
There is，as Robert Rubin，the treasury (n.) secretary，says，a“disjunction”between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics．[1998年阅读]
[译文]正如财政部长罗伯特•鲁宾所说的，商业界的大量趣闻暗示生产率大幅增长了，但这同官方的统计数字所显示的情况“不符”。

trigonometry n．三角学
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics，especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states，were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry (n.)．[1996年阅读]
[译文]为什么要提小学教育?正是因为有了这些学校，我们的早期技工才普遍能读会写，并精通算术及部分几何和三角，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各州尤为可见。

trillion num．万亿
Inflation says that very early on，the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion (num．) fold in much less than a second，propelled by a sort of antigravity．[1998年翻译]
[译文]膨胀学说告诉我们，早在很久以前，宇宙的体积在不到一秒钟内被一种反引力驱动而发生了无数倍的膨胀。

triviality n．琐事
“Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities (n.)，”says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines．[1999年阅读]
[译文]康奈尔大学法学院一位参与起草新纲要的教授说，“重要的信息会淹没在细枝末节的汪洋之中”。

trucking n．①货车运输；②货车运输业
But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances，such as coal，chemicals，and grain，trucking (n．①) is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat．[2003年阅读]
[译文]但许多客户却抱怨说，对于依赖长途运输的大宗商品来说，如煤炭、化学制品和粮食，由于公路运输花费太大，这样铁路公司就会主宰他们。

underfund vt．对…提供资金不足
As a nation，we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding (vt.) research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives．[2003年阅读]
[译文]作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求不可能奏效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更平常的方法上花钱太少。

underprivileged a．穷困的，下层社会的
For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged (a.) youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances．[1995年翻译]
[译文]例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此，它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大的才干。

underrate vt．低估，看轻
The human nose is all underrated (vt.) tool．[2005年完形]
[译文]人们低估了鼻子的嗅觉作用。

understatement n．保守的陈述，掩饰
Search for exaggeration and understatements (n.)．[2002年阅读]
[译文]留意夸张和打折扣的话。

undervalue v．低估
We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of______．
[A]undervaluing (v.) intellect[2004年阅读]
[译文]根据本文，我们可以了解到：美国人有______的历史。
[A]轻视才智

unenlightened a．无知的，不文明的，落后的
The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened (a.) citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life．[1996年阅读]
[译文]所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑而且常常是还不开通的人：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。

universalize vt．使一般化，使普遍化
As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized，it is in the interest of business to universalize (vt.) access-after all，the more people online，the mole potential customers there are．[2001年阅读]
[译文]随着互联网的日趋商业化，网络普及对商家是有利的一毕竟，上网人数越多，潜在的客户就越多。

unparalleled a．无与伦比的，空前的
When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War，it had a market eight times larger than any competitor．giving its industries unparalleled(a.) economies of scale．[2000年阅读]
[译文]二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样的一个辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大8倍的市场，这使其工业经济具有无与伦比的规模经济。

upsetting a．令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的
As soon as you awaken，identify what is upsetting(a.) about the dream．[2005年阅读]
[译文]当你一觉醒来，首先弄清楚梦中是什么使你不安。

unsustainable a．不能成立的，不能支持的
Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable (a.)．Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it．[2003年阅读]
[译文]任何人都明白这个趋势不能维持下去，但是很少有人愿意扭转它。

upend v．颠倒，倒放
Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended (v.) the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation．[1997年阅读]
[译文]一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的变化已经推翻了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史上相互关联为基础的旧的经济模式。

upscale a．高消费的
Replies show that compared with other Americans，journalists are more likely to live in upscale (a.) neighborhoods，have maids，own Mercedeses，and trade stocks，and they’re less likely to go to church，do volunteer work，or put down roots in a community．[2001年阅读]
[译文]结果表明，与其他美国人相比，新闻记者更有可能居住在富人区，有女佣、有奔驰车、炒股，而他们去教堂、参加志愿服务、扎根社区的可能性却很小。

utility n．①功用，效用 vt．(有效)利用，使用[生] n．②公用事业
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility(n.)，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves??goals that pose a real challenge．[2002年阅读]
[译文]但是如果机器人要进一步实现劳动力节省，他们必须能够在更大程度上减少人的监控，并且至少能够独立地做一些决定，这些是具有真正挑战性的目标。

vaccination n．种痘，接种疫苗
We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement，a father’s bypass operation，a baby’s vaccinations (n.)，and even a pet's shots．[2003年阅读]
[译文]我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针剂都密切相关。

vaccine a．疫苗的，牛痘的；n．疫苗
To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines (n.)，animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst．[2003年阅读]
[译文]许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。

validate vt．批准，证实
How well the predictions will be validated (vt.) by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted．[1995年翻译]
[译文]这些预测在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

vice versa ad．反之亦然
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (ad.) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force．[1994年翻译]
[译文]政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。

visualize v．想像，显现
Visualize (vt.) how you would like it to end instead；the next time it occurs，try to wake up just enough to control its course．[2005年阅读]
[译文]想像你想让它(这种梦)如何结束，下一次再发生时，设法醒来以控制梦的进程。

ware n．货物，商品
While talking to you，your could-be employer is deciding whether your education，your experience，and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares (n.)”and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner．[1996年阅读]
[译文]在与你谈话时，你未来的雇主将根据你的教育、你的经验和你其他的资历来确定雇用你是否值得，因此你必须把你的“品质”和“能力”以有序而合理连贯的方式陈列出来。

whereby ad．凭什么，由此
Straitford’s briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing，whereby (ad.) agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong．[2003年阅读]
[译文]Straitford公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局常常提供的躲闪的言辞，政府机构往往避免发表引人注目的言论，因为这些言论可能出错。

windscreen n．风档玻璃
Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen (n.)，a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel．[1997年阅读]
[译文]因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导作用比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、破碎的后视镜及方向盘失灵的汽车。

worldview n．世界观
Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts．creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview (n.)．[1998年阅读]
[译文]而萨根则更关注那些相信鬼怪、上帝造物论和其他与科学世界观相左的人。

workmate n．同事，工作伙伴
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips，computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates (n.) rather than tools，relaxation will be in front of smell television，and digital age will have arrived．[2001年翻译]
[译文]儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。

转帖于：考研_考试吧