2016年GRE考试高分抢先练习题及答案(18)

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　　1. Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　解析

　　Step One

　　文章共4句话，各自的核心意思是：

　　1、一种篮子只在P附近发现，被认为是P独有;

　　2、最近L也发现了这种篮子，L与P隔着B河流;

　　3、B河流又宽又深，P的人只能坐船过河，但是没有船被发现;

　　4、所以，篮子不是P独有。

　　Step Two

　　文章的结构是：

　　1是背景;

　　2、3推导出4;

　　整体结构：没有船 – P的人无法过河 – 篮子无法过河 – L不应该有篮子

　　Step Three

　　寻找逻辑错误

　　a. 偷换概念：没发现船不代表船不存在;

　　b. 绝对化词汇：不一定只能坐船过河;

　　c. (时间外推)：B河流并非一直是这种状态;

　　d. 偷换概念：P的人无法过河不代表篮子无法过河。

　　难点总结

　　本题难点在于：文章的逻辑结构不同于行文结构，也就是难以轻松的构建出来。此外，“篮子不能过河”这一点是作者暗含的逻辑，需要我们发掘出来。

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