Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.57Questions 57-61are based on the following passage.

　　A study of nearly 140,000 women in the U. S. showed that regular helpings of a small portion of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eating walnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.

　　The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this is thought to be one of the largest studies to fmd regularly snacldng on them can help prevent the condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it's likely that the same benefits apply to men.

　　According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbers affected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four million by 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks, blindness and amputation (截肢). Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.

　　Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S. , tracked 137,893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Their dietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularly walnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one to three times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at least twice a week by 24 per cent.

　　In a report on the fmdiugs the researchers said: "These results suggest higher walnut consumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women: " Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids(脂肪酸)which have been shown to reduce inflammation (炎症) in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis(关节炎). Last year, experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties and thirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.

　　The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts can reduce people's risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios(开心果) demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index ( BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

　　According to the passage, what does "a global epidemic" ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) refer to?A. A disease.B. Type 2 diabetes.C. Cancer.D. Obesity.

　　本题共8.2分，参考答案:B解析:

　　B)。由题干提示定位到第一段：A study of nearly l40，000 women in the U.S.showed that regular helpings of a small portion of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic.Women…were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes…Eating walnuts...can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.

　　语义理解题。本题考查有关a global epidemic的指代。由定位句“一项对美国近14万女性进行的研究表明，定期吃一小份坚果对于一种全球性的致命性流行病可以起到很强大的预防作用”可知，该段主题为吃核桃可减少患2型糖尿病的危险，由此可知这个致命性的全球流行病为2型糖尿病，故答案为B)。

　　58According to the passage, the research published in the Journal of NutritionA. was carried out on male nurses.B. is considered as the largest study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.C. emphasizes walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.D. is the first study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects.

　　本题共8.2分，参考答案:C解析:C)。由题干中的Journal of Nutrition定位到第二段第一句：The latest findings，published in the Journal of Nutrition，are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts，with earlier research showing similar benefits.

　　事实细节题。本题考查对刊登在《营养期刊》杂志上的最新研究的理解。定位句提到“刊登在《营养期刊》杂志上的最新研究发现并非是首次强调核桃对糖尿病有预防功效的研究，之前早就有研究表明核桃有类似功效”，C)“强调核桃对糖尿病有预防功效”中的emphasize对应原文的highlight，故为答案。该段最后一句指出“这项研究是针对女性护士们进行的……”，故排除A)“这项研究是对男性护士们进行的”;该段第二句指出“但该项研究被认为是所有研究中最大型的研究之一”，B)表述过于绝对化，故排除;D)“是首次对核桃有预防糖尿病功效的研究”与原文不符，故排除。

　　59Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. The number of diabetes patients in the UK will double by 2025.B. Type 2 diabetes is mainly triggered by childhood overweight.C. Diet and exercise may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.D. Type 2 diabetes will cause a significant increase of weight.

　　本题共8.2分，参考答案:C解析:C)。根据题干提示定位到第三段最后一句：Being overweight，physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.

　　推理判断题。本题考查2型糖尿病的诱导原因。定位句提到“体重超重、不锻炼身体、不良饮食习惯是糖尿病的主要风险因素。”由此可推知，锻炼身体、良好的饮食习惯可降低患糖尿病的风险，故C)为答案。由该段首句可知，英国糖尿病患者的人数到2030年会翻番，故排除A);B)“2型糖尿病主要是由少儿时期肥胖引起的”与文意不符，故排除;D)“2型糖尿病将会促使患者明显得增加体重”是对原文的曲解，故排除。

　　60Which of the following is TRUE about the 137,893 nurses tracked by scientists at the Harvard?A. Most of them are female.B. Their eating habits were closely inspected for over ten years.C. Their age is ranging from 35 to 77 years old.D. They have about the same body fat and weight.

　　本题共8.2分，参考答案:C解析:C)。由题干中的137，893 nurses和Harvard定位到第四段第一句：Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston，U.S.，tracked l37，893 nurses aged from 35 t0 77 0ver a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes.

　　事实细节题。本题考查哈佛公共卫生学院的科学家所追踪的护士的情况。由定位句可知“美国波士顿哈佛公共卫生学院的科学家们对l37，893名年龄从35岁到77岁的护士跟踪研究了十年，观察其中有多少人患2型糖尿病”，故C)为答案。第一段最后一句指出“该项研究的对象为女性”，故排除A)“她们大多数是女性”;B)“在十多年里，她们的饮食习惯受到了严格的监控”与原文不符，故排除;该段第三句指出“在考虑了身体脂肪和体重的这类情况后……”，由此可知，所跟踪护士的身体脂肪和体重并不一样，故排除D)。

　　61It has been proved that eating nuts canA. lower people's body weight, BMI and waist circumferenceB. reduce inflammation in the bodyC. lower people's risk of heart disease, cancer and arthritisD. increase young men's sperm count and boost their fertility

　　本题共8.2分，参考答案:A解析:A)。由题干中eating nuts定位到最后一段第一、二句：The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts Can reduce people’S risk of obesity.The study found that　those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios demonstrated a lower body weight，body　mass index(BMI)and waist circumference compared to non·consun2ers.

　　事实细节题。本题考查吃各种坚果的益处。定位句指出“路易斯安那州州立大学的一项课题表明吃坚果可以降低人们肥胖的风险，在这之后便展开了相关的研究。经研究证明，那些吃各种坚果如杏仁、开心果的人与那些不吃坚果的人相比，体重相对较低、身体质量指数较低、腰围相对较细”，A)“降低人们的体重、身体质量指数、腰围”与原文表述一致，故为答案。B)“能缓解体内炎症”、C)“降低患心脏病、癌症和关节炎的危险”和D)“增加精子数量提高了男性生育能力”都是吃核桃的好处，故均排除。

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